, High-Intensity Interval Training/methods Finally, HIIT significantly improved prognostic markers, including the AT and LVEF in patients with CAD and HF. High-intensity interval training in the early stage (eight weeks or fewer) is superior to MICT. Conclusions: High-intensity interval training is an effective therapy for improving peak VO2 values in patients with CAD. High-intensity interval training also caused a moderate increase in LVEF (95% CI 0.55 to 5.71) but did not have a significant effect on the VE/VCO2 slope (95% CI -2.32 to 0.98) or the predicted VO2 peak (95% CI -2.54 to 9.59) compared with MICT. High-intensity interval training significantly increased the AT when compared with MICT (95% CI 0.50 to 1.48). For training lasting less than eight weeks, HIIT significantly improved peak VO2 values (95% CI 0.70 to 2.10), while HIIT lasting 12 weeks or longer resulted in a modestly increased peak VO2 value (95% CI 0.31 to 5.31). For patients with CAD, HIIT significantly improved peak VO2 values (95% CI 0.7 to 2.11) compared with MICT, but peak VO2 values in patients with HF did not seem to change. Results: A total of 15 studies were included comprising 664 patients, 50% of which were male, with an average age of 60.3 ± 13.2 years. Exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2)) and prognostic markers, such as the anaerobic threshold (AT), minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and prognostic value of the predicted VO2 max per cent (the predicted VO2 peak (%)) were examined. Trials comparing HIIT and MICT in participants with CAD or HF aged 52-78 years were included. We conducted a comprehensive search in eight databases of literature before September 13, 2019. Methods: This systematic review is registered on the INPLASY website (number: INPLASY202080112). The type and amount of training should be game related and specific to the technical, tactical, and physical demands imposed on each player.Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on exercise capacity and several prognostic markers in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). In conclusion, both aerobic and speed-endurance training can be used during the season to improve high-intensity intermittent exercise performance.
Speed-endurance training has a positive effect on football-specific endurance, as shown by the marked improvements in the YYIR test (22% to 28%) and the ability to perform repeated sprints (~2%). Similar adaptations are observed when performing aerobic high-intensity training with small-sided games. Studies on football players have shown that 8 to 12 wk of aerobic high-intensity running training (>85% HR max) leads to VO 2max enhancement (5% to 11%), increased running economy (3% to 7%), and lower blood lactate accumulation during submaximal exercise, as well as improvements in the yo-yo intermittent recovery (YYIR) test performance (13%). Hence, footballers need a high fitness level to cope with the physical demands of the game. Furthermore, the most successful teams perform more high-intensity activities during a game when in possession of the ball. Analysis and physiological measurements have revealed that modern football is highly energetically demanding, and the ability to perform repeated high-intensity work is of importance for the players. This article reviews the major physiological and performance effects of aerobic high-intensity and speed-endurance training in football, and provides insight on implementation of individual game-related physical training.
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